•  
  •  
 

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

DOI

https://doi.org/10.70174/iajd.v16i2.1490

Abstract

Objectives: This study is conducted to analyse the mechanisms of allergic reaction development in dentistry and the effectiveness of their treatment methods.

Methods: During it, a review of current scientific sources on allergology, immunology, dentistry, pharmacology, and materials science is conducted, mechanisms for the development of allergies of various types are established, the effectiveness of treatment methods is evaluated, and clinical recommendations for allergy therapy in dentistry are formed.

Results: The results show that the development of allergic reactions occurs by two mechanisms. Immediate-type immunoglobulin E-mediated (IgE-mediated) responses are triggered by the release of histamine, serotonin, and other inflammatory mediators through mast cell degranulation due to the binding of the allergen to specific IgE antibodies produced by the immune system in response to its first contact. In dentistry, this type of reaction can be provoked by local anaesthetics, antibiotics, latex, nickel, amalgam, and acrylic resins. Symptoms of immediate allergies range from mild local reactions to life-threatening conditions. Delayed-type allergic reactions are mediated by T-lymphocytes, so in response to contact with the allergen, other cells of the immune system (macrophages, neutrophils) are activated, which secrete their own inflammatory mediators (interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, etc.). In dentistry, such reactions are usually caused by metals (nickel, cobalt, chromium), cements, gutta-percha, and composite materials.

Conclusions: Understanding the mechanisms of development of allergic reactions helps to differentiate them from pseudo-allergies, the effect of which on inflammatory mediators is conducted without the mediation of the immune system. Structuring information on the mechanisms of development of allergic reactions and methods of their treatment, among which the main ones are pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy, probiotic therapy, and dental approaches, clinical recommendations for the treatment of allergic reactions in dentistry were formed.

Download

Share

COinS