Oral Lesion as the Initial Presentation in the Diagnosis of Histiocytosis X: A Case Report with 16-Month Follow-Up

Authors

• Wassim Al Manhal, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, LebanonFollow
• Georgio Saad, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, LebanonFollow
• Charbel Anka, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, LebanonFollow
• Valerie Aftimos, CHU Notre Dame des Secours, LebanonFollow
• Michael Daccache, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, LebanonFollow
• Sophie Abi Raad, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, LebanonFollow
• Georges Boujaoude, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, LebanonFollow

Abstract

Introduction: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare neoplastic disease that comes from the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells (LCs). It presents with a broad clinical spectrum, varying from involvement of a single organ system to multisystem disease, and frequently affects children, although cases in adults have been reported. Oral manifestations of LCH are non-specific and may mimic common periodontal conditions, posing a diagnostic challenge for dental practitioners.

Case Presentation: A 63-year-old female patient presented with complaints of periodontal problems. She was initially diagnosed with periodontitis, but symptoms persisted despite treatment, prompting a referral for further evaluation. Histopathological analysis, supported by immunohistochemistry (CD1a and S100 positivity), confirmed the diagnosis of LCH. She subsequently underwent systemic chemotherapy with vinblastine and corticosteroids.

Conclusion: LCH is a rare yet important differential diagnosis for patients presenting with persistent oral lesions, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for definitive diagnosis. Early recognition and treatment of LCH can prevent disease progression and complications.

Recommended Citation

Al Manhal, Wassim; Saad, Georgio; Anka, Charbel; Aftimos, Valerie; Daccache, Michael; Abi Raad, Sophie; and Boujaoude, Georges (2025) "Oral Lesion as the Initial Presentation in the Diagnosis of Histiocytosis X: A Case Report with 16-Month Follow-Up," International Arab Journal of Dentistry: Vol. 16: Iss. 1, Article 18.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70174/iajd.v16i1.1405
Available at: https://e-journals.usj.edu.lb/iajd/vol16/iss1/18